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You can. A Polish limited company (sp. z o.o.) can be formed, registered and put into operation without you entering the country — and thousands are every year. What decides how easy it is is not your nationality but how you are able to sign.
A non-resident can own 100% of a Polish sp. z o.o. and register it from abroad. There is no residency requirement, no minimum stay, and no requirement to appoint a Polish director.
This is the whole decision. Everything else about a Polish company is the same either way.
| S24 — filed online | Notarial deed — by proxy | |
|---|---|---|
| How you sign | A qualified electronic signature (podpis kwalifikowany) issued anywhere in the EU under eIDAS, or a Polish Profil Zaufany if you already have one. | In person before a notary in your own country, granting a power of attorney. Your attorney then signs in Poland. |
| Paperwork from your side | None to post. Passport details and the company particulars, entered in the portal. | The power of attorney, apostilled (Hague Convention) or consularly legalised, plus a sworn Polish translation. |
| Court fee | 250 zł | 500 zł |
| Also payable | Transfer tax (PCC) at 0.5% of capital less the court fee. A qualified signature certificate runs about 250–350 zł a year. | Notarial tariff plus VAT, sworn translation, apostille, and the same transfer tax — several hundred to over a thousand złoty, depending on capital. |
| Articles of association | A fixed template. No contributions in kind, no bespoke clauses, no separate share classes. | Drafted freely — contributions in kind, preference shares, tailored governance and exit provisions. |
| Realistic timeline | Days once filed. The certificate is usually what takes longest to obtain. | Weeks. The apostille and the sworn translation, not the registration itself, set the pace. |
| Choose it when | A standard company with cash capital — which covers most first companies. | Several shareholders on different terms, capital contributed as assets, or investors who need bespoke articles. |
Four things decide whether a remote formation runs smoothly. None of them is a reason not to do it; all of them are cheaper to handle before the company exists than after.
Registration does not require one, but trading does. Many Polish banks still identify a board member in person before opening a business account, and practice differs from bank to bank and by your country of residence. Settle this before you file, not after — it is the single most common reason a remote formation stalls.
Every company must report its beneficial owners to the CRBR register within 14 days of registration, signed electronically. The qualified signature you obtain for S24 covers this too, which is one reason that route is usually the cheaper one overall. Missing the deadline carries a fine.
The sole shareholder of an sp. z o.o. is insured as a person running a business, which is roughly 2 359 zł a month in 2026 — about 1 926,76 zł of social contributions plus a 432,54 zł health contribution, payable whether or not the company trades. A second shareholder with a genuine stake removes that liability entirely. Decide the shareholding before you file; changing it afterwards costs a further court fee.
The registered office goes in the register and on every invoice, and the tax office writes to it. A virtual office is a legitimate answer — a forwarding address that nobody reads is not, because a missed letter from the tax office still counts as delivered.
Leave your details and we’ll come back within one business day — with concrete answers, not a sales pitch.
